Maryam ʻAmid (Muzayyan al-Saltanah)
Muzayyan al-Saltanah was the daughter of Mir Sayyid Razi Raʼis al-Atibbaʼ Simnani, sister of Mirza Ibrahim Khan ʻAmid al-Saltanah, and mother of ʻAbd Allah Mirza Salur. At 16, she married Husayn Quli Salur (ʻImad al-Saltanah) and they had a son, ʻAbd Allah Mirza Salur. After a year they became separated. Seven years later Muzayyan al-Saltanah married Qavam al-Hukama and they had two children. Qavam al-Hukama died a few years later.
Muzayyan al-Saltanah was the daughter of Mir Sayyid Razi Raʼis al-Atibbaʼ Simnani (Nasir al-Din Shah's special physician), the sister of Mirza Ibrahim Khan ʻAmid al-Saltanah (the first representative of people of Simnan in Majlis), and the mother of ʻAbd Allah Mirza Salur. She was taught first by her father at home. She learned French and photography. At 16, she married Husayn Quli Salur (ʻImad al-Saltanah) and they had a son, ʻAbd Allah Mirza Salur. After a year they were divorced. Seven years later Muzayyan al-Saltanah married Qavam al-Hukama and they had two children. Qavam al-Hukama died a few years later and Muzayyan al-Saltanah raised her two children alone. In 1912, she founded Shukufah, the periodical for which she was the editor-in-chief and writer. Shukufah was published from 1912 to 1916. Muzayyan al-Saltanah also founded a school in Tehran for girls, called "Dar al-ʻIlm va Sanayiʻ-i Muzayyaniyah" (Muzayyaniyah School). She was inspector general for examinations in girls' schools. Muzayyan al-Saltanah was a member of the society "Himmat-i Khavatin," a society that promoted consuming Iranian-made goods and boycotting foreign goods.
نادره جلالی، "مزین السلطنه" ، دايرة المعارف زن ایرانی، به سرپرستی مصطفی اجتهادی، جلد دوم، مرکز امور مشارکت زنان ریاست جمهوری، چاپ اول، ۱۳۸۲. نادره جلالی، "روزنامه شکوفه" ، دايرة المعارف زن ایرانی، به سرپرستی مصطفی اجتهادی، جلد دوم، مرکز امور مشارکت زنان ریاست جمهوری، چاپ اول، ۱۳۸۲ "FEMINIST MOVEMENTS i. INTRODUCTION, ii. IN THE LATE QAJAR PERIOD", http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/feminist-movements-i-ii
